Eating foods high in fiber may be protective. In a study published in the journal Gut, researchers found that people who consumed the most fiber had a 20 percent lower risk of experiencing serious heartburn. Previous studies have shown that high-fiber diets protect against the risk of cancer of the esophagus. “Fiber may help bind food and especially noxious substances in the stomach and prevent them from escaping back,” says lead researcher Hashem El-Serag.